Kahramanmaraş earthquake

An analysis of the magnitude 7.8 and 7.6 earthquakes that hit Türkiye and Syria on 6th February 2023 and subsequent 6.4 earthquake in Hatay on 20th February.

Author

Türkiye Temporary Settlement Support Sector (IOM)

Published

16 February 2023

Introduction

Last updated: 12 March 2023

On 6 February 2023 at 4:17 local time, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake (GLIDE number EQ-2022-000366-TUR) hit the region of Kahramanmaras in southeastern Türkiye, affecting areas of southern Türkiye and northwestern Syria. At 13:45 the same day, a 7.6 earthquake hit the same region. On 20th February a magnitude 6.4 struck in Hatay. This ongoing analysis, focusing primarily on Türkiye monitors the key figures published by the Türkiye authorities, examines the population and infrastructure exposure and impact, and monitors current information on displacement.

For more details, contact Bruce Spires bspires@iom.int or Brian Mc Donald bmcdonald@iom.int

Key figures

Last update: 12 March 2023
Number of people injured: 126,143
Number of deaths: 51,043
Number of people evacuated: 753,411
Number of buildings damaged or destroyed: 195,433

Sources: AFAD/OCHA

Exposure

The following map shows the areas affected by MMI 8,7 and 6, and the pre-crisis population of each exposed area.

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MMI	Türkiye	Syrian Arab Republic
8	1,544,067	-	1,544,067
7	3,414,675	35,876	3,450,551
6	9,462,076	2,357,980	11,820,056
	14,420,818	2,393,856	16,814,674

Data sources: Worldpop, EC-JRC/USGS

Impacts

Damaged & destroyed buildings

There are two main sources for building damaged and destroyed buildings; AFAD official sources which are aggregated at the national-level; and buildings tagged as destroyed in OpenStreetMap, through the ongoing voluntary efforts, using available satellite and drone imagery. While tagging of destroyed buildings in OSM is ongoing, the completeness of the tagging will vary between areas. This dataset will be updated frequently to incorporate the additional data. Progress of the tagging, can be found on the OSM website.

As of 12 March 2023, 3,738 buildings have been identified from OSM as destroyed, 3,693 of which are in Türkiye.

Data sources: Openstreemap
Last updated: 12 March 2023

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The following table contains government source building damage per district.
Sources: Türkiye Ministry of Environment, Urbanization and Climate Change
Last updated: 19 February 2023 (most recent report as of 27 February)

	Adana	Adiyaman	Diyarbarkir	Elazig	Gaziantep	Kahranmanmaras	Malatya	Hatay	Kilis	Osmaniye	Sanliurfa	TOTAL
Heavily damaged units	1,715	44,817	8,284	5,193	36,620	84,059	62,547	123,349	1,921	12,505	3,535	384,545
Heavily damaged buildings	97	13,730	1,110	1,036	15,008	22,113	16,870	30,112	1,261	3,794	663	105,794
Moderately damaged units	10,667	17,489	12,106	1,027	22,829	12,975	12,098	33,351	1,629	3,472	5,932	133,575
Moderately damaged buildings	462	4,338	1,044	174	5,662	2,208	1,694	7,281	307	465	829	24,464
Slightly damaged units	53,986	63,737	109,784	21,911	252,089	139,406	88,763	117,588	2,444	54,959	165,453	1,070,120
Slightly damaged buildings	2,568	19,410	10,977	2,176	42,945	33,664	17,745	366,112	4,746	11,830	22,913	535,086
Undamaged units	113,890	40,037	226,953	15,401	461,926	98,242	54,180	169,711	25,301	80,097	123,916	1,409,654
Undamaged buildings	9,396	18,598	27,334	1,266	135,809	45,395	17,333	77,107	7,918	36,666	30,964	407,786
Damaged units TOTAL	183,448	190,693	373,947	44,536	842,811	374,218	257,762	465,813	5,529	158,241	327,130	3,224,128
Damaged buildings TOTAL	13,141	63,452	45,149	4,810	228,272	117,801	64,883	158,112	15,387	56,371	63,428	830,806

Electrical infrastructure

According to to a report by UNOSAT:

Provinces with major light loss are Hatay, Kahramanmaras and Adiyaman as observed on 8 February 2023;
The power outage areas are mainly distributed along the plate junction of Kahramanmaras and Antakya;
Many urban areas located in EQ affected areas became darker after the earthquake;
Night-time light declined by more than 90 percent in many sectors of Hatay City as observed on 8 February 2023;
In Adiyaman, east sectors of the city lost more light than the west sectors;
Downtown Antakya (areas with higher light density) lost significant light after the earthquake compared to the suburbs.

Andiyaman

Source: UNOSAT/Wuhan University

Connectivity

in progress…

Displacement

Mobility trends

Data Source: Meta

City-level

Gaziantep

The following images show the changes in population density(compared to a 90-day pre-crisis baseline) for areas within metropolitan Gaziantep at 16:00 on the 6th and 19th of February. The image from 6th February shows a sharp decrease in population in city-centre areas and a sharp increase in suburban areas. The 19th February image shows a relative normal city centre population but a continued increased density in suburban areas.

Kahramanmaraş

Osmaniye

For Osmaniye the 6th of February seen a sharp decrease in population across the entire city, with increases on it’s western suburbs. By 26th February the populatiion density of the city is close to returning to its pre-crisis baseline, while all surrounding suburb show significant increase over the baseline.

District-level

Adana

Adiyaman

Gaziantep

Hatay

Kahramanmaras

Kilis

Site-level

in progress…

Services

Source: afetbilgi.com

Last updated: 2023-03-12

The following map shows accomodation centres (orange), evacuation centres (green), and gathering points (blue)

Vulnerability

Sources: IOM’s DTM & Meta - Relative Wealth Index

Updated: 8 March 2023

Despite there being far less Informal Settlements , their distribution clearly shows that Informal Settlements have a higher tendency to be in areas with a much lower Relative Wealth Index than than Formal settlements. Overall, approximately 5% of settlements are in locations with a negative RWI (lower than average), 14% of Informal Settlements, 2% of Formal Settlements.